It+All+Begins+With+Atom


 * In the beginning, there was Atom.......**



**Activity One** **View this [|video] to understand how scientists can take pictures of objects they cannot see.**

**Activity Two** 1. With your group, brainstorm what matter is. Write a definition. 2. View this [|video] on matter and re-examine your definition. Revise your definition as necessary. 3. View the [|What is a Molecule] video.
 * What is mass?
 * What is volume?
 * Of what are atoms composed?
 * What unit of measure is used to describe atoms?
 * What is an element?
 * What happens when atoms bond together?
 * Answer the questions on Parts 1, 2 and 3 (except 6-9 which you will do later) on your [|Structure of Materials]worksheet.
 * Remember that all atoms with the same number of protons will have the same properties.
 * Atoms can bond together to form molecules either by transferring or sharing electrons.


 * Points to remember:**
 * Atoms are the basic building blocks of all matter
 * Each atom is different
 * Elements are pure substances that are made up of only one kind of atom.
 * An atom is the smallest part of an element that has all the properties of that element.
 * Three subatomic particles make up the atom.
 * Protons carry a positive charge (mass unit of 1)
 * Neutrons have no charge (mass unit of 1)
 * Electrons have a negative charge. (Insignificant mass, about 1/1845 amu)
 * The atomic number distinguishes all elements from each other.
 * The atomic number is the number of protons an element has.
 * The number of protons is unique for each element.
 * The number of electrons in a neutral atom is the same as the number of protons. In other words, the number of positive charges is equal to the number of negative charges.
 * However, electrons may be lost or gained, so the number may change.
 * An ion is an atom with a different number of electrons.
 * The number of neutrons is often the same as the number of protons; however, the number of neutrons may change.
 * An isotope is an atom that has a different number of neutrons.
 * The atomic mass of an element is determined by combining the protons and neutrons.

**Answer these questions about atoms and elements:** [|Periodic Table]
 * 1) Sodium is an element found in table salt. It contains 11 protons and 12 neutrons. How many electrons are found in a NEUTRAL atom of sodium?
 * 2) Which subatomic particle(s) is/are positively charged?
 * 3) Where are the electrons involved in chemical reactions found?
 * 4) What is the atomic number of an atom that contains 26 protons, 29 neutrons, and 26 electrons?
 * 5) What is the atomic mass of the atom in question 4?

**View this [|Brainpop] movie to understand how the atomic model has been modified over time.**

**[|Quiz].**

Activity Three

View the [|Hindenburg Disaster Newsreel.] View also [|this video] on the Hindenburg. Read about the [|properties of hydrogen]. Read about the [|properties of water]. Read about [|chemical bonding.]
 * What property of hydrogen is explained in this film?
 * What are the properties of water (hydrogen and oxygen)?
 * The properties of atoms do not change except when they form a bond. How can bonds change the properties of a substance?
 * Answer questions 6 and 7 in the packet.

Activity Four A. Log on to the [|USGS] site.
 * 1) Take the True/False test. Record your answers. Compare your answers to the answer sheet. What did you miss?
 * 2) Water is a "polar" molecule, which means that it carries a charge on each end of the molecule. Describe water's polarity.
 * 3) How does this polarity help the water molecules to stick to each other?
 * 4) What is the shape of a drop of water?
 * 5) Why is water called the universal solvent?
 * 6) What is the pH of pure water? Is this acidic or basic?
 * 7) What physical property makes water unique?
 * 8) Explain how the physical properties of water determine the Celsius scale.
 * 9) Why does ice float in water?
 * 10) What is surface tension?

**B. Take [|this quiz] to see how much you know about atoms and elements. Write down your answers. If you make an incorrect choice, write down the correct choice beside the wrong one. Be sure you write the actual answer down. There are ten questions. If you want to be sure of a good grade, read the lesson first. Write down the percentage right that is given after the quiz. Good luck -- I am recording this grade!**

C. Fill in the blanks in this table:


 * **Element/**
 * Symbol** || **Protons** || **Neutrons** || **Electrons** || **Atomic Mass** ||
 * Carbon (C) ||  || 6 || 6 || 12 amu ||
 * Oxygen (O) || 8 ||  || 8 || 16 amu ||
 * Sodium (Na) || 11 || 11 ||  || 22 amu ||
 * Potassium (K) || 19 ||  || 19 || 39 amu ||
 * Iron (Fe) || 26 ||  ||   || 55 amu ||

Using the materials given to you by your teacher, construct a water molecule.
 * Which of the materials represents oxygen?
 * Which of the materials represents hydrogen?
 * What holds the molecule together?
 * Answer Question 9 in your packet.

**Extra Credit Opportunity!!** **Write a haiku about water. You don't know what a haiku is? Look it up! This is due Monday, January 10, 2011.**

**Activity Five**

GLE 0807.9.4 Distinguish among [|elements, compounds, and mixtures]
 * 1) What are the three categories of elements? Where are they found on the periodic table?
 * 2) What are the five assumptions upon which Dalton's atomic theory is based?
 * 3) What are ionic compounds?
 * 4) What are covalent compounds?
 * 5) A compound with a strong force of attraction between molecules is probably a _ __compound.__
 * 6) __Compounds that do not conduct electricity are probably__ __ compounds.
 * 7) What is a molecule?
 * 8) How do mixtures differ from compounds?
 * 9) Explain how Raisin Bran is a mixture.
 * 10) Explain how Crispix is compound.



SPI 0807.9.3 Classify common substances as elements or compounds based on their symbols or formulas. SPI 0807.9.1 Recognize that all matter consists of atoms. SPI 0807.9.9 Use the periodic table to determine the properties of an element. SPI 0807.9.4 Differentiate between a mixture and a compound.
 * State Performance Indicators**

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