Genetics+for+Biology+1

** Genetics It's Your Make-Up, Dude **
 * Activity One [|Tour the Basics] **of Genetics and answer the following questions:
 * What is DNA?**
 * How does the cell know what role it will play in your body?
 * What form does the information come in?
 * What is a double helix?
 * What are DNA "sentences?"
 * What is a gene?**
 * What is a gene?
 * How are genes related to DNA?
 * What happens to blood cells if the hemoglobin gene mutates?
 * How are genes related to proteins?
 * What is a chromosome?**
 * How does all our DNA fit into the nucleus of a cell?
 * Describe how DNA "becomes" a chromosome.
 * How many chromosomes can one cell nucleus hold?
 * Of the 46 human chromosomes, how many are sex hormones?
 * Which sex chromosomes do males have?
 * Which sex chromosomes do females have?
 * Do all living things have the same chromosome number? Explain
 * What is heredity?**
 * What is the basis of heredity?
 * What two conditions define our traits?
 * What insures that a child will receive 46 chromosomes? What process is this?
 * What is a zygote? Is a zygote 2n or n?
 * If a zygote is formed by gametes that were created by meiosis, what process will allow this one-celled organism to develop into an infant?
 * On the page showing the babies' chromosomes, what sex is the first child?
 * What six is the second baby?
 * What is a protein?**
 * How are proteins involved in pain signaling?
 * How is the structure of nerve cells related to their function?
 * How are genes like a "protein library?"
 * How does a gene become a protein?
 * Why does a cell need thousands of different proteins in order to function?

**Activity Two** Who was [|Gregor Mendel?]
 * List 5 facts about Mendel's life.
 * Explain how this obscure Augustinian monk contributed to the science of genetics.
 * What impact has Mendel's work had on modern genetics?

 For the above questions, you may use the [|online biology dictionary.]
 * In the above diagram, what is the genotype of each of the parents?
 * What is the genotype of all offspring in the F1 generation?
 * What happens when two members of the F1 generation are crossed?
 * What method is used to cross two individuals?
 * Which of the above individuals are hybrids?
 * Which are purebred?
 * Which individuals are heterozygous and which are homozygous?

Activity Three Mendel discovered that there are both [|Dominant and Recessive] alleles. He found that when a purebred dominant (homozygous) individual was crossed with a purebred recessive individual (also homozygous), only one trait would be expressed in the offspring. The only genotype expressed in the offspring is the heterozygous dominant or hybrid genotype. 100% of the offspring will have this genotype. Complete the following crosses using a Punnett square.  However, when two hybrids are crossed, the offspring will show the following genotypes:
 * Cross a homozygous tall plant with a homozygous short plant (tall is dominant).
 * Cross a homozygous wrinkled seed with a purebred round seed (round is dominant).
 * 50% will be hybrids
 * 25% will be homozygous dominant
 * 25% will be homozygous recessive
 * This gives a 1:2:1 ratio.
 * With these rules in mind, complete the following crosses. The recessive condition is not given.**
 * 1) Cross a heterozygous yellow flower with a heterozygous yellow flower.
 * 2) Cross a heterozygous sweet apple with a heterozygous sweet apple.
 * 3) Cross a heterozygous tall plant with a heterozygous tall plant.
 * 4) Cross a heterozygous purple flower with a heterozygous purple flower.
 * 5) Cross a heterozygous black guinea pig with a heterozygous black guinea pig.


 * In the next crosses, determine the dominant and recessive traits and make the cross. Give the genotypic and phenotypic ratios.**

<span style="background-color: #c0c0c0; color: #ff0000; display: block; font-size: 140%; text-align: center;">**Activity Four** Let's make a cross between you and your honey (or Britney Spears or one of the Jonas Brothers) to see [|what color eyes] your children might have. **  NOTE: THIS IS NOT A HOMEWORK ASSIGNMENT. IT IS ONLY A COMPUTER ACTIVITY! **

Log on to [|this site] for an excellent tutorial on genetics.
 * <span style="background-color: #c0c0c0; color: #ff0000; display: block; font-size: 140%; text-align: center;">Activity Five **

You think you've got problems? Read about the <span class="wiki_link_ext"> [|Blue Fugates of Troublesome Creek.]

<span style="background-color: #c0c0c0; color: #ff0000; display: block; font-size: 140%; text-align: center;">**Activity Six** <span class="wiki_link_ext">[|This site] offers a quiz and information about intermediate inheritance patterns (those not explained by Mendel). **You must complete and turn in 7.1 Multiple Choice and 7.1 Critical Reading.**

Complete the [|Create A Baby] lab.

Your teacher will distribute a series of handouts: Following completion of these activities, we will discuss them and then you will hand them in for a grade.
 * Multiple allele inheritance:
 * Read about [|ABO blood types] before completing the worksheet on multiple alleles and codominance.
 * Polygenic inheritance
 * Sex-linked inheritance
 * Disease inheritance

You can have a little fun with the Oompa Loompas in [|this activity.] Finally, you will be given a handout that you will use to design a species. <span style="background-color: #c0c0c0; color: #ff0000; display: block; font-size: 140%; text-align: center;">**Activity Seven**

**Review for Genetics**. Farquar is a young frimpanzee who lives in an isolated community in the rainforest. He is much like other frimpanzees in that he is an omnivore, lives in the canopy of trees and spends a considerable amount of his time at play. Like other frimpanzee colonies, Farquar's colony consists mainly of adult female frimpanzees, their young, and the Alpha male who is the colony's leader.

Farquar's coat is a lovely shade of blue (bb), and is short-haired (SS or Ss) and curly (HH or Hh). Both Farquar's parents, however, are brown (BB or Bb), though his mother has short curly (HH or Hh) hair and his father has long (ss), curly (HH or Hh) hair.

Frimpanzees may be short (tt) or tall (TT), or they may be of medium height (Tt). Farquar is neither as tall as his father nor as small as his mother. Some frimpanzees have furry fingers (FF) and others have no hair at all on their fingers (ff). Both Farquar's parents have furry fingers, yet Farquar's fingers are hairless. Farquar is able to curl his tail (CC or Cc), though only one of his parents is able to do so.

Like other frimpanzee males, Farquar is a show-off; he is eager to impress the young frimpanzee females of the colony.


 * What type of inheritance pattern is height in frimpanzees?

1. Show the cross between Farquar's parents that produced his lovely blue coat. Mother's alleles: Father's alleles:

2. Farquar has met a ravishing young female frimpanzee named Freida. Freida is brown, but one of her parents is blue. What are the chances that Freida and Farquar will have children with blue coats? Show the cross. Farquar's alleles: Freida's alleles:

__3.__ Freida has a brother named Flip who is constantly on everybody's nerves. He claims Farquar is a little on the feminine side because his tail curls. No one on Freida's side of the family has a curly tail. Freida tries to soothe Farquar by saying she hopes all their children have cute little curly tails. What are the chances this will happen? Show all possible crosses. Farquar's alleles: Freida's alleles:

4. Freida has learned that she is expecting her first baby frimp. Freida has lovely short hair as does Farquar. If her baby is a female frimp, Freida hopes her hair will be long, as this is much more feminine. If the baby is male, however, Freida hopes his hair will be short, since, after all, it isn't the sixties any more. What are the chances that Freida and Farquar's baby will have long hair? Show the cross(es). Freida's alleles: Farquar's alleles:

5. Farquar's father, Figaro, has recently been grumbling about how a son of his could be blue-haired and curly-tailed AND have hairless fingers when he himself has none of these characteristics. Farquar's mother, Fidelity, is very hurt over these implied accusations and needs your help explaining this to Figaro. Determine the alleles for both parents for these three traits and draw all possible crosses. Their very marriage may be at stake. Figaro's hair color alleles: Fidelity's hair color alleles: Figaro's tail alleles: Fidelity's tail alleles: Figaro's finger alleles: Fidelity's finger alleles: Preston Puckerstein and his wife Polly are the proud parents of two precious preteens, Percival and Petunia. (How's that for alliteration?) Anyway, lately the Puckersteins' marital seas have been a little stormy. Preston (who drank a lot during his younger years, and whose memory of certain events is impaired) has recently learned that he, Polly, and their two children all have different blood types. His suspicions have turned to accusations. Marriage counseling has done no good, and now Polly must now turn to you for genetic counseling. Assure Preston (if you can) that it is possible that he is the father of Percival and Petunia, given the following information: Preston has Type A blood. Possible alleles: Polly has Type B blood. Possible alleles: Percival has Type AB blood. Possible alleles__:__ Petunia has Type O blood. Possible alleles:

<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #000000; display: block; font-size: 120%; text-align: left;"> **<span style="background-color: #c0c0c0; color: #ff0000; display: block; font-size: 120%; text-align: center;">Activity Eight Extra Credit Opportunity 24 Points Choose a trait that is prevalent in your family, one that is easily traced, such as red hair, blue eyes, a specific cancer, Huntingtons's disease, multiple sclerosis, or any other trait or condition that seems to crop up frequently in your family. Construct a pedigree for that trait; go back as many generations as you are able. Use <span class="wiki_link_ext">[|this model] to help you with symbols and construction. Your pedigree should be drawn on construction paper; it must be neat and all lines must be drawn with a ruler. Use a template for consistent circles. You may insert pictures of your family members if you choose, but pictures are not required. [|Rubric.] Due date: Nov. 30, 2009.
 * Show all possible crosses and explain how it is possible that the children do, in fact, belong to Preston.
 * Explain how blood typing is an example of multiple alleles, complete dominance and co-dominance.

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